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Memoria prevencionista

monográficos

Atrás GERHARDT, Christin; SEMMER, Norbert K.; SAUTER, Sabine; WALKER, Alexandra; DE WIJN, Nathal; KÄLIN, Wolfgang; KOTTWITZ, Maria U. (2021). How are social stressors at work related to well-being and health?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

GERHARDT, Christin; SEMMER, Norbert K.; SAUTER, Sabine; WALKER, Alexandra; DE WIJN, Nathal; KÄLIN, Wolfgang; KOTTWITZ, Maria U. (2021). How are social stressors at work related to well-being and health?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

GERHARDT, Christin; SEMMER, Norbert K.; SAUTER, Sabine; WALKER, Alexandra; DE WIJN, Nathal; KÄLIN, Wolfgang; KOTTWITZ, Maria U. How are social stressors at work related to well-being and health?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health [en línea]. 2021, 21. 890. 17 p. [Consulta: 23.06.2021]. ISSN: 1471-2458. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10894-7.
 
Realizamos un metanálisis de 557 estudios e investigamos las correlaciones entre los factores de estrés social y los resultados en términos de salud y bienestar (por ejemplo, agotamiento), actitudes (por ejemplo, satisfacción laboral) y comportamiento (por ejemplo, comportamiento laboral contraproducente). Se realizaron análisis de moderadores para determinar si había diferencias en las asociaciones según la naturaleza del factor estresante, el resultado o ambos. Para ser incluidos, los estudios debían publicarse en revistas revisadas por pares en inglés o alemán; los participantes tenían que estar empleados al menos al 50% de un equivalente a tiempo completo (FTE). Conclusiones: Proponemos integrar diversos constructos de estresores sociales bajo el término "devaluación relacional" y considerar factores situacionales como la intensidad o la frecuencia para dar cuenta de la varianza restante. Las implicaciones prácticas subrayan la importancia de que los supervisores reconozcan la devaluación relacional en sus muchas formas diferentes y la eviten o minimicen en la medida de lo posible para evitar resultados negativos relacionados con la salud de los empleados.
 
Realitzem una metanàlisi de 557 estudis i investiguem les correlacions entre els factors d'estrés social i els resultats en termes de salut i benestar (per exemple, esgotament), actituds (per exemple, satisfacció laboral) i comportament (per exemple, comportament laboral contraproduent). Es van realitzar anàlisi de moderadors per a determinar si hi havia diferències en les associacions segons la naturalesa del factor estressant, el resultat o tots dos. Per a ser inclosos, els estudis havien de publicar-se en revistes revisades per parells en anglés o alemany; els participants havien d'estar ocupats almenys al 50% d'un equivalent a temps complet (FTE). Conclusions: Proposem integrar diversos constructes d'estressors socials sota el terme "devaluació relacional" i considerar factors situacionals com la intensitat o la freqüència per a donar compte de la variància restant. Les implicacions pràctiques subratllen la importància que els supervisors reconeguen la devaluació relacional en les seues moltes formes diferents i l'eviten o minimitzen en la mesura que siga possible per a evitar resultats negatius relacionats amb la salut dels empleats.
 
Background: Social relationships are crucial for well-being and health, and considerable research has established social stressors as a risk for well-being and health. However, researchers have used many different constructs, and it is unclear if these are actually different or reflect a single overarching construct. Distinct patterns of associations with health/well-being would indicate separate constructs, similar patterns would indicate a common core construct, and remaining differences could be attributed to situational characteristics such as frequency or intensity. The current meta-analysis therefore investigated to what extent different social stressors show distinct (versus similar) patterns of associations with well-being and health. Methods: We meta-analysed 557 studies and investigated correlations between social stressors and outcomes in terms of health and well-being (e.g. burnout), attitudes (e.g. job satisfaction), and behaviour (e.g. counterproductive work behaviour). Moderator analyses were performed to determine if there were differences in associations depending on the nature of the stressor, the outcome, or both. To be included, studies had to be published in peer-reviewed journals in English or German; participants had to be employed at least 50% of a full-time equivalent (FTE). Results: The overall relation between social stressors and health/well-being was of medium size (r = −.30, p < .001). Type of social stressor and outcome category acted as moderators, with moderating effects being larger for outcomes than for stressors. The strongest effects emerged for job satisfaction, burnout, commitment, and counterproductive work behaviour. Type of stressor yielded a significant moderation, but differences in effect sizes for different stressors were rather small overall. Rather small effects were obtained for physical violence and sexual mistreatment, which is likely due to a restricted range because of rare occurrence and/or underreporting of such intense stressors. Conclusions: We propose integrating diverse social stressor constructs under the term "relational devaluation" and considering situational factors such as intensity or frequency to account for the remaining variance. Practical implications underscore the importance for supervisors to recognize relational devaluation in its many different forms and to avoid or minimize it as far as possible in order to prevent negative health-related outcomes for employees.